The Psychological, Physical and Genetic Affects of Historical Trauma on descendants of African American Slaves.

Ellsworth A. James, PhD
Andrew B. James, J.D., Dr. P.H.
Andrea Velox, PhD
James, Velox & James
Anchorage Alaska - Houston Texas
Hugh B. Starks, M.D.
Counseling Solutions Inc.
Anchorage Alaska




Abstract

Health disparities, psychological issues, social injustice and economic inequality are all inextricably interwoven with
the African American experience effecting quality of life to some degree for all African Americans. Recent studies
suggest the reasons for the health, emotional, social and economic disparities are a combination of SES (social
economic status), lifestyle, poor choices, a lack of parenting skills and poly-substance abuse. These symptoms are
not definitive factors but are only elements or symptoms and not the real source or origin of the problems that
African Americans have faced and will continue to face, in this country. Historical/Intergenerational Trauma and a
chaotic environment that afforded no protection and to some extent possible genetic neotony are major components
in a multifactoral construct of complex interacting risk factors to include, biological, cultural, medical, psychological,
social, legal, behavioral and genetic.

These factors facilitated the development of health disparities and inequality suffered by African Americans
descended from Slavery.
JAMES, VELOX & JAMES
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